diff --git a/lib/DBIx/Class/Storage/DBI.pm b/lib/DBIx/Class/Storage/DBI.pm
index 9171b9970..b4cdeb067 100644
--- a/lib/DBIx/Class/Storage/DBI.pm
+++ b/lib/DBIx/Class/Storage/DBI.pm
@@ -2061,7 +2061,7 @@ sub insert {
 
   my %pcols = map { $_ => 1 } $source->primary_columns;
 
-  my (%retrieve_cols, $autoinc_supplied, $retrieve_autoinc_col);
+  my (%retrieve_cols, $autoinc_supplied, $retrieve_autoinc_col, $pk_supplied);
 
   for my $col ($source->columns) {
 
@@ -2081,6 +2081,21 @@ sub insert {
       $retrieve_autoinc_col ||= $col unless $autoinc_supplied;
     }
 
+    # Track if any primary key column has a supplied value (including scalar references)
+    if ($pcols{$col}) {
+      $pk_supplied ||= 1 if (
+        defined $to_insert->{$col}
+          and
+        (
+          # not a ref - cheaper to check before a call to is_literal_value()
+          ! length ref $to_insert->{$col}
+            or
+          # is a literal value (like scalar references for database functions)
+          is_literal_value( $to_insert->{$col} )
+        )
+      );
+    }
+
     # nothing to retrieve when explicit values are supplied
     next if (
       # FIXME - we seem to assume undef values as non-supplied.
@@ -2112,6 +2127,8 @@ sub insert {
       and
     ! defined $retrieve_autoinc_col
       and
+    ! $pk_supplied
+      and
     # FIXME - first come-first serve, suboptimal...
     ($retrieve_autoinc_col) = ( grep
       {
diff --git a/t/752sqlite_scalar_ref_warning.t b/t/752sqlite_scalar_ref_warning.t
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..859e759e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/752sqlite_scalar_ref_warning.t
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More;
+use Test::Warn;
+
+use lib qw(t/lib);
+use DBICTest;
+
+# Regression test for RT#169546
+# DBIx-Class incorrectly warns about missing primary key values when using
+# scalar references for database functions (like \'UUID()', \'RANDOM()', etc.)
+
+my $schema = DBICTest->init_schema();
+
+# Create a test table with a non-auto-increment primary key
+$schema->storage->dbh->do(q{
+  CREATE TABLE test_scalar_ref (
+    id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    name VARCHAR(100)
+  )
+});
+
+# Register the test table as a result source
+$schema->register_class(
+  TestScalarRef => 'DBICTest::Schema::TestScalarRef'
+);
+
+{
+  package DBICTest::Schema::TestScalarRef;
+  use base 'DBIx::Class::Core';
+  
+  __PACKAGE__->table('test_scalar_ref');
+  __PACKAGE__->add_columns(
+    id => {
+      data_type => 'integer',
+      is_nullable => 0,
+    },
+    name => {
+      data_type => 'varchar', 
+      size => 100,
+      is_nullable => 1,
+    },
+  );
+  __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('id');
+}
+
+# Test 1: Scalar reference for database function should NOT warn (RT#169546)
+# This test will FAIL until the bug is fixed
+warning_is {
+  my $row = $schema->resultset('TestScalarRef')->create({
+    id => \'ABS(RANDOM())',  # Scalar ref should NOT trigger missing PK warning
+    name => 'Test Record',
+  });
+  isa_ok($row, 'DBICTest::Schema::TestScalarRef', 'Row created with scalar ref');
+} undef, 
+  'RT#169546: Scalar reference for database function should not warn about missing PK';
+
+# Test 2: Truly missing primary key SHOULD warn
+warning_like {
+  my $row = $schema->resultset('TestScalarRef')->create({
+    name => 'Test Record 2',  # Missing id should warn
+  });
+} qr/Missing value for primary key/, 
+  'Missing primary key correctly generates warning';
+
+# Test 3: Explicit value should not warn
+warning_is {
+  my $row = $schema->resultset('TestScalarRef')->create({
+    id => 12345,
+    name => 'Test Record 3',
+  });
+} undef, 'Explicit primary key value does not warn';
+
+done_testing();