Enable runtime-configurable logging

We've got all those commented printf's, it'd be great if we could turn them on at runtime. Preferably it would be configurable via Python (and perhaps even log via Python's builtin `logging` module?). I've found some examples for how we might approach this.
https://gist.github.com/hensing/0db3f8e3a99590006368
https://medium.com/@kalebporter/logging-extending-python-with-c-or-c-fa746466b602