The Ruby Rack protocol link is broken. Instead: http://rack.rubyforge.org/doc/files/SPEC.html should use: https://www.rubydoc.info/github/rack/rack/master/file/SPEC JSGI link is broken (website jackjs.org is not working). Instead: http://jackjs.org/jsgi-spec.html perhaps should use: http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/JSGI