Introduce Rust code into Biotite

[padix-key]

Resolves #688.

This PR introduces Rust code into Biotite. To make it work along the existing Cython modules the build backend is switched back to setuptools, using setuptools-rust to build the Rust modules.

The Rust code ends up in a single compiled file, accessible via biotite.rust. However this module contains multiple submodules mimicing the structure of biotite itself. For example there is biotite.rust.structure.io.pdb.

As initial module this PR integrates fastpdb into Biotite, including some refactoring.

Important: This PR also drops support for macos x86_64 wheels to keep the CI builds simple. I think this is reasonable as the community also begins deprecating support for macos x86_64, for example GitHub.

[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed Performance Report

Merging this PR will not alter performance

_{Comparing padix-key:rust (dcb748d) with main (f29c22d)¹}

Summary

✅ 63 untouched benchmarks
🆕 7 new benchmarks

Performance Changes

	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Efficiency
🆕	benchmark_get_coord	N/A	589.4 µs	N/A
🆕	benchmark_get_remark	N/A	171.1 µs	N/A
🆕	benchmark_read	N/A	2.2 ms	N/A
🆕	benchmark_get_structure_with_bonds	N/A	55.4 ms	N/A
🆕	benchmark_get_structure	N/A	4 ms	N/A
🆕	benchmark_set_structure_with_bonds	N/A	12.6 ms	N/A
🆕	benchmark_set_structure	N/A	11.2 ms	N/A

Footnotes

1. No successful run was found on rust (dcb748d) during the generation of this report, so main (f29c22d) was used instead as the comparison base. There might be some changes unrelated to this pull request in this report. ↩