Add char_traits<uint8_t>

[placintaalexandru]

Fixes 1812

char_traits<uint8_t> type was not supplied

[placintaalexandru]

@microsoft-github-policy-service agree

[BillyONeal]

This PR introduces undefined behavior: https://eel.is/c++draft/requirements#namespace.std-2

There is no program-defined type here. This also fails if 2 libraries try to do this.

[aminya]

The definition needs to be guarded

[aminya]

Suggested change

	#include <cstdint>
	#pragma once
	#include <cstddef>
	#if (_LIBCPP_VERSION >= 190000)
	#include <cstdint>

[aminya]

Suggested change

	} // namespace std
	} // namespace std
	#endif // (_LIBCPP_VERSION >= 190000)

[frederick-vs-ja]

I guess a proper fix would be

• introducing a customized traits type (shown as custom_char_traits<uint8_t> later, but not necessary templatized),
• using basic_string<uint8_t, custom_char_traits<uint8_t>> instead of basic_string<uint8_t>, and finally,
• making basic_ostream::print a function template to accept different traits types.

[leakingmemory]

Using unsigned types with any of the string and stream templates is a can of worms. As far as I know the C++ standard does not mandate the standard library to support unsigned char types in those. I think ideally only the standard char types should be used, and applications using stream apis should convert from and to unsigned types if they need to in application code. But it would unfortunately be a breaking change.

[frederick-vs-ja]

As far as I know the C++ standard does not mandate the standard library to support unsigned char types in those.

basic_string is required to support using them as element types ([strings.general]/1). But char_traits, along with stream and locale stuffs, are not.