[final] Add support for allowed regex patterns (merge selected commits from PR #9)

[tumf]

This PR cherry-picks the key commits from PR #9 that implement ALLOW_PATTERNS/regex support while preferring main's code for unrelated changes. Commits cherry-picked: 96b6b4e, c7a4782, d7f51de. Please review the added changes to ensure they integrate well with main.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 95.39%. Comparing base (6e09f2e) to head (3ffe31f).
⚠️ Report is 23 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main      #20      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   95.27%   95.39%   +0.12%     
==========================================
  Files           7        7              
  Lines         550      565      +15     
==========================================
+ Hits          524      539      +15     
  Misses         26       26              

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